Individual Ambition Serves The Common Good.

Wonder... And Not Any Expectation Of Advantage From Its Discoveries, Is The First Principle Which Prompts Mankind To The Study Of Philosophy, Of That Science Which Pretends To Lay Open The Concealed Connections That Unite The Various Appearances Of Nature.

The Value Of Any Commodity, Therefore, To The Person Who Possesses It, And Who Means Not To Use Or Consume It Himself, But To Exchange It For Other Commodities, Is Equal To The Quantity Of Labour Which It Enables Him To Purchase Or Command. Labour, Therefore, Is The Real Measure Of The Exchangeable Value Of All Commodities. The Real Price Of Everything, What Everything Really Costs To The Man Who Wants To Acquire It, Is The Toil And Trouble Of Acquiring It.

To Expect, Indeed, That The Freedom Of Trade Should Ever Be Entirely Restored In Great Britain, Is As Absurd As To Expect That An Oceana Or Utopia Should Never Be Established In It.

People Of The Same Trade Seldom Meet Together, Even For Merriment And Diversion, But The Conversation Ends In A Conspiracy Against The Public, Or In Some Contrivance To Raise Prices. It Is Impossible Indeed To Prevent Such Meetings, By Any Law Which Either Could Be Executed, Or Would Be Consistent With Liberty Or Justice. But Though The Law Cannot Hinder People Of The Same Trade From Sometimes Assembling Together, It Ought To Do Nothing To Facilitate Such Assemblies; Much Less To Render Them Necessary.

Such Regulations May, No Doubt, Be Considered As In Some Respect A Violation Of Natural Liberty. But Those Exertions Of The Natural Liberty Of A Few Individuals, Which Might Endanger The Security Of The Whole Society, Are, And Ought To Be, Restrained By The Laws Of All Governments; Of The Most Free, As Well As Or The Most Despotical. The Obligation Of Building Party Walls, In Order To Prevent The Communication Of Fire, Is A Violation Of Natural Liberty, Exactly Of The Same Kind With The Regulations Of The Banking Trade Which Are Here Proposed.