Historically Speaking All - Or Very Nearly

We Should Realize That, If [socrates] Demanded That The Wisest Men Should Rule, He Clearly Stressed That He Did Not Mean The Learned Men; In Fact, He Was Skeptical Of All Professional Learnedness, Whether It Was That Of The Philosophers Or Of The Learned Men Of His Own Generation, The Sophists. The Wisdom He Meant Was Of A Different Kind. It Was Simply The Realization: How Little Do I Know! Those Who Did Not Know This, He Taught, Knew Nothing At All. This Is The True Scientific Spirit.

Almost Everyone... Seems To Be Quite Sure That The Differences Between The Methodologies Of History And Of The Natural Sciences Are Vast. For, We Are Assured, It Is Well Known That In The Natural Sciences We Start From Observation And Proceed By Induction To Theory. And Is It Not Obvious That In History We Proceed Very Differently? Yes, I Agree That We Proceed Very Differently. But We Do So In The Natural Sciences As Well.

I See Now More Clearly Than Ever Before That Even Our Greatest Troubles Spring From Something That Is [as] Admirable And Sound As It Is Dangerous – From Our Impatience To Better The Lot Of Our Fellows.

Psychologism Is, I Believe, Correct Only In So Far As It Insists Upon What May Be Called 'methodological Individualism' As Opposed To 'methodological Collectivism'; It Rightly Insists That The 'behaviour' And The 'actions' Of Collectives, Such As States Or Social Groups, Must Be Reduced To The Behaviour And To The Actions Of Human Individuals. But The Belief That The Choice Of Such An Individualist Method Implies The Choice Of A Psychological Method Is Mistaken.

It Is Clear That Everybody Interested In Science Must Be Interested In World 3 Objects. A Physical Scientist, To Start With, May Be Interested Mainly In World 1 Objects--say Crystals And X-rays. But Very Soon He Must Realize How Much Depends On Our Interpretation Of The Facts, That Is, On Our Theories, And So On World 3 Objects. Similarly, A Historian Of Science, Or A Philosopher Interested In Science Must Be Largely A Student Of World 3 Objects.